Zogakis IP, et al. - Researchers analyzed possible changes in the levels of salivary antioxidants, C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, pH, proteins, and blood in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. For the purpose of this investigation, salivary samples from 21 orthodontic subjects who met specific inclusion criteria were obtained before the beginning of orthodontic treatment (T0; baseline), 1 hour after bonding (T1), and 4–6 weeks after bonding (T2). With the exception of a significant but transient pH decrease after bonding, exposure to fixed orthodontic appliances did not reveal a significant effect on salivary parameters related to inflammation or stress.