Valderrábano M, Peterson LE, Swarup V, et al. - In an investigator-initiated randomized, single-blinded trial conducted in 12 centers in the United States [VENUS trial: Vein of Marshall Ethanol for Untreated Persistent AF], researchers investigated if vein of Marshall ethanol infusion could provide improved ablation outcomes in persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) when added to catheter ablation. Participants were patients suffering from persistent AF referred for first ablation. Participants were randomized to catheter ablation alone (n = 158) or catheter ablation integrated with vein of Marshall ethanol infusion (n = 185) in a 1:1.15 ratio to accommodate for 15% technical vein of Marshall ethanol infusion failures. An increased likelihood of remaining free of AF or atrial tachycardia at 6 and 12 months was observed in relation to addition of vein of Marshall ethanol infusion to catheter ablation vs catheter ablation alone in patients suffering from persistent AF.