Steinberg JS, Shabanov V, Ponomarev D, et al. - Investigators ascertained if renal denervation when added to pulmonary vein isolation enhances long-term antiarrhythmic efficacy. They conducted an investigator-initiated, multicenter, single-blind, randomized clinical trial at 5 referral centers for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in the Russian Federation, Poland, and Germany. They recruited a sum of 302 individuals with hypertension despite taking at least 1 antihypertensive medication, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and plans for ablation were enrolled between April 2013 and March 2018. Follow-up concluded in March 2019. Individuals were assigned randomly to either pulmonary vein isolation alone or pulmonary vein isolation plus renal denervation. At 12 months, renal denervation added to catheter ablation, compared with catheter ablation alone, significantly increased the likelihood of freedom from atrial fibrillation among individuals with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and hypertension. The shortage of a formal sham-control renal denervation procedure should be recognized in interpreting the results of this trial.