Estruch R, et al. - In this prespecified secondary outcomes analysis of the PREDIMED randomised controlled trial, researchers evaluated the long-term impacts of ad libitum, high-fat, high-vegetable-fat Mediterranean diets on bodyweight and waist circumference in older people at risk of cardiovascular disease, most of whom were obese or overweight. For this investigation, 7447 asymptomatic men (aged 55–80 years) and women (aged 60–80 years) with type 2 diabetes or 3 or more cardiovascular risk factors were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to one of three interventions with a computer-generated number sequence: Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (n=2543); Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts (n=2454); or a control diet (advice to reduce dietary fat; n=2450). Findings revealed that there was no significant difference in body weight and some evidence of less gain in central adiposity compared to a control diet associated with a long-term intervention with an unrestricted-calorie, high-vegetable-fat Mediterranean diet. These outcomes provide support for advice that does not restrict the intake of healthy fats to maintain bodyweight.