Gutefeldt K, et al. - In this cross-sectional population-based study, the researchers analyzed differences in GH-IGF-1 axis between type 1 diabetes (T1D) on subcutaneous insulin treatment and matched controls without diabetes and possible connections between GH-IGF-1 axis and upper extremity impairments (UEI). For this investigation, T1D patients, onset <35 years, duration ≥ 20 years, <67 years old and controls were asked to answer questionnaires and take blood samples. Six hundred five subjects with T1D and 533 controls accepted to partake in this analysis. Researchers reported that in adult T1D with fair glycemic control the GH-IGF-1-axis was dysregulated displaying GH-resistance, low IGF-1 and elevated IGFBP-1. It was noted that subcutaneous insulin cannot normalize these changes while endogenous insulin secretion has marked effects on IGF-1 pointing to a role of portal insulin.