Takahashi H, et al. – In this study, experts sought to examine whether dispatcher–assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA–CPR) would have the same effect as spontaneously–delivered bystander CPR (BCPR). They observed that the spontaneously delivered BCPR group demonstrated favorable results. DA–CPR group resulted in the nearly equivalent effect as spontaneously–delivered BCPR group in comparison to the no BCPR provided with dispatcher assistance (DA–No BCPR) group. Further standard dispatcher education was indicated.