Vasan RS, et al. - Researchers assessed the temporal trends in rates of heart failure (HF)- and atrial fibrillation (AF)-related morbidity, mortality, and years of potential life lost at age 75 years, by age, sex, race, and geographic region in the United States from 1991 to 2015. Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, they analyzed data for patients aged ≥30 years from 1993 to 2014 in order to determine the trends in hospitalization with a primary diagnosis of HF vs AF. For mortality trends, they analyzed data from 1991 to 2015 from the National Center for Health Statistics. They found a decline in age-adjusted rates of hospitalization for HF (−1.72% per year), whereas these increased for AF (+1.61% per year). For AF, mortality rates increased (+11.2% per year), whereas these remained unchanged for HF. For both HF (+0.4% per year) and AF (+9.8% per year), increase in the years of potential life lost was evident. Findings highlighted divergent trends of decreasing hospitalization and mortality rates for HF vs increasing rates for AF. Specific targeting of “at risk” groups in selected US regions is justifiable as disease burden varied by race and geography.