Navarro-Arias MJ, et al. - Given a high mortality rate in correlation with the deep-seated infections caused by the Candida genus, and that Candida albicans is the most frequent species associated with these diseases, the cell wall composition and organization of Candida tropicalis, Candida guilliermondii, Candida krusei, and Candida auris, were analyzed in this comparative study along with their ability to stimulate cytokine production and phagocytosis by human innate immune cells. The basic components already described in C. albicans, with most of the chitin and b1,3-glucan located underneath the mannan layer, were identified in the wall of these species. However, the walls of C. krusei and C. auris were rich in chitin and the former had a lower content of mannans. Changes in the mannan and the b1,3-glucan levels were evident in C. guilliermondii. Human macrophages differentially phagocytosed these species. Cytokine production in a dectin-1-dependent pathway was stimulated by these species. The most significant changes in the tested parameters were noted in C. krusei, whereas C. auris behaved like C. albicans.