Bohus M, Kleindienst N, Hahn C, et al. - In this randomized clinical trial, researchers compared dialectical behavior therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (DBT-PTSD), a new, specifically designed, phase-based treatment program, vs cognitive processing therapy (CPT), one of the best empirically supported treatments for PTSD. Equal dosages and frequencies of DBT-PTSD or CPT were given to participants, up to 45 individual sessions within 1 year and 3 additional sessions within 3 months. Both DBT-PTSD and CPT therapies offered major and important changes in the severity of PTSD, though improvement was more pronounced with DBT-PTSD. The proportion of symptomatic remission achieved was 58% in DBT-PTSD vs 41% in CPT, which was a significant difference. Such findings support the effectiveness of DBT-PTSD and CPT in the treatment of women with childhood abuse–associated complex PTSD. The study demonstrates that even severe childhood abuse–associated PTSD can be successfully handled with emotional dysregulation. Participants in the DBT-PTSD group were less likely to drop out early and had higher rates of symptomatic remission, reliable improvement, and reliable recovery vs the CPT group.