Huerga H, et al. - In this prospective observational study, researchers evaluated the diagnostic yield of including lipoarabinomannan assay (LAM) in tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic algorithms in HIV-positive, ambulatory patients with CD4 < 200 cells/μl. They also assessed the mortality risk in LAM-positive patients not diagnosed with other tools and not treated for TB. Using LAM plus the other accessible diagnostic tools, the share of patients diagnosed with TB increased by 38.0% vs a diagnostic algorithm including clinical examination, chest X-ray, and microscopy, and by 34.6% vs an algorithm including clinical examination, chest X-ray, and Xpert. For less severely immunocompromised patients, a comparable increase was seen. In HIV-positive patients with TB signs and symptoms and advanced immunodeficiency, including those with a CD4 count of 100–199 cells/μl, LAM has a diagnostic value for detecting TB. Using LAM allowed the diagnosis of TB in half of the patients with confirmed TB disease; these patients would have been missed without it. The rapid identification and treatment of LAM-enabled TB may reduce the overall risk of death for these patients.