Reddy KP, et al. - Researchers compared 2 tuberculosis screening policies among hospitalized cases with HIV in Malawi and South Africa: a GeneXpert assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance (Xpert) in sputum samples (standard of care) vs sputum Xpert combined with a lateral flow assay for M tuberculosis lipoarabinomannan in urine (Determine TB-LAM Ag test, Abbott, Waltham, MA, USA [formerly Alere]; TB-LAM) and concentrated urine Xpert (intervention) to estimate the cost-effectiveness of urine-based tuberculosis screening. They recorded a reduction in loss of 51,000 years of life in Malawi and around 171,000 years of life in South Africa. They recommended urine TB-LAM with greater incremental diagnostic yield and low additional cost as compared to sputum Xpert.