Mills JD, van Vliet EA, Chen BJ, et al. - Using RNA- and small RNA-sequencing in parrallel, experts investigated differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus and cortex of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE, one of the most prevalent forms of drug-resistant epilepsy in humans, is derived mainly from clinical, imaging, and physiological data from humans and animal models) individuals who had undergone surgical resection and non-epileptic controls. Data propose that specific miRNAs (such as let-7b-3p and let-7c-3p) may be important regulators of various pathways associated with MTLE pathology. Moreover, a robust relationship of other small RNA species with MTLE pathology was reported. Novel elements that may add to the establishment and progress of MTLE pathogenesis were revealed and that could be used as therapeutic targets.