Bourika V, et al. - Researchers investigated whether serum amyloid-A (SAA), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1) levels are clinically valuable for the identification and monitoring of neonatal sepsis. In this prospective study, they assessed 113 full-term septic neonates (postnatal age 4–28 days) who were admitted to the Special Care Neonatal Unit of a University Hospital from January 1, 2016, to April 30, 2019, and 68 healthy neonates (controls). At enrollment, septic neonates had significantly higher SAA levels (median 50.7 vs. 3.5 mg/L) and significantly lower HDL-C and Apo-A1 levels when compared with controls. Culture-positive vs culture-negative sepsis had higher SAA levels but similar HDL-C and Apo-A1 levels. Findings support SAA as possibly a valuable biomarker for identification and monitoring of neonatal sepsis, and also for distinguishing between culture-positive and culture-negative sepsis. They suggest the value of HDL-C and Apo-A1 as complementary markers.