Santos MB, dos Santos AD, Barreto AS, et al. - In individuals under 15 years old in an endemic area of Northeast Brazil, researchers assessed the clinical and epidemiological indicators, temporal trends and spatial distribution of leprosy via a regional surveillance study of all reported cases of leprosy in the state of Sergipe. From 2002 to 2015 the incidence rate declined from 6.29 to 3.78 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively, though in 2015, Sergipe was ranked as highly endemicity. According to clinical data, 21.4% and 31.3% of the individuals developed leprosy reactions and presented with some physical disability in the multibacillary groups, respectively. Spatial analysis exhibited the most risk areas distributed in the northeast and cities around the capital, Aracaju. After a pattern of high endemicity in many municipalities, the results showed a persistence of active Myobacterium leprae transmission and a delay in disease discovery. Moreover, to stop transmission and to detect the cases in a less severe state early, detection by household contact examination was significant.