Lenartova A, et al. - Given a dramatic change in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treatment and the evolution of landscape of second hematologic malignancies (SHM) in the new era of targeted therapy but lack of data regarding the real-world burden of SHM, researchers undertook this study with 2,631 patients with CLL, to address this topic. The participants were selected from the Cancer registry of Norway. SHM development in 103 patients (4%) was reported following a median follow up of 6.6 years. The most common was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In non-SHM patients, in DLBCL, in Hodgkin lymphoma, and in myeloid neoplasia, the estimated median survival was 9.3 years, 1.7 years, 0.8 years, and 2.8 years, respectively. For SHM patients managed for CLL, the poorest outcomes were documented. Overall, findings revealed a rare occurrence of SHM and particularly myeloid malignancies in the chemoimmunotherapy era.