Yang X, Guan H, Li C, et al. - Via performing a case series study and reviewing five patients with clinical symptoms of acute encephalitis, which were confirmed to be caused by Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection, researchers sought to report on characteristics of human encephalitis caused by pseudorabies virus. A job involving handling pigs was reported by all five patients. Acute onset and rapid progression of clinical presentations, consistent with central nervous system infection, were reported in these patients. Respiratory failure was reported in four of them, for which ventilator supports were provided. In brain MRI study, they observed abnormal signals in the bilateral temporal lobes and insular cortex in all 5 patients, bilateral frontal lobes in 1 patient, and caudate nucleus in 1 patient. Results from cerebrospinal fluid analysis were consistent with viral infection. Existence of PRV was confirmed in next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid. Human immunoglobulin, glucocorticoids, antiviral, and symptomatic supportive treatments were provided to all patients. Survival till discharge but with the occurrence of various sequelae was reported in all patients. During the disease course, the most common complication was pneumonia. This case series emphasize including PRV encephalitis in the differential diagnosis of patients with clinical presentations of central nervous system infection, especially for those patients with recent contacts with pigs.