Martins MCL, Miyazaki DL, Gabiatti CCT, et al. - A total of 593 individuals with esophageal carcinoma treated at a single Brazilian institution were retrospectively reviewed in order to assess the clinical, epidemiologic, and survival perspectives of individuals with megaesophagus and esophageal carcinoma. Thirty-two individuals with Chagas disease were recognized, of whom 11 had megaesophagus. Individuals with Chagas megaesophagus–associated carcinoma (CMAC) exhibited a weaker rate of smoking. This factor strengthened the notion that achalasia is the principal risk factor for cancer development. The CMAC group, in comparison with the other groups, had a greater rate of tumor in situ (2/11). These cases were treated with endoscopic resection and there was no recurrence. Eight of 11 individuals with CMAC were diagnosed with locally advanced disease. Therefore, If CMAC is not quickly identified, it has a dismal prognosis designating that a high index of doubt of esophageal carcinoma is needed for individuals with Chagasic megaesophagus.