Guha D, et al. - In order to ascertain how cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) extracellular vesicles correlate to neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in HIV-infected individuals, researchers sought to delineate CSF extracellular vesicles and their association with central nervous system (CNS) injury related biomarkers [neurofilament light (NFL), S100B, neopterin] and NCI in HIV-positive individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Outcomes of this cross-sectional and longitudinal study of CSF samples from HIV-positive individuals on cART revealed a correlation of increased CSF extracellular vesicles with neuronal injury biomarker NFL in cART-treated HIV-positive individuals with neurocognitive impairment, indicating potential applications as novel biomarkers of CNS injury.