Paciaroni M, et al. - In this case-control study with 713 cases and 700 controls, researchers studied the pathogenesis and risk factors for cerebrovascular ischemic events that happen during non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) treatment for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. When looking at the components of CHA2DS2-VASc, age was older, and the presence of diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and history of stroke or transient ischemic attack was seen more often in patients with acute cerebrovascular ischemic events. Off-label low dose, atrial enlargement, hyperlipidemia, and high CHA₂DS₂-VASc score were linked to a greater risk of cerebrovascular events in patients with AF treated with NOACs having a cerebrovascular event, mostly but not exclusively cardioembolic pathogenesis.