Noh Y, et al. - Researchers conducted a population-based cohort study to examine if different glucose-lowering treatments, including DPP-4 inhibitors and metformin are associated both with potential nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (NRF2) modulating effects, and new-onset metastatic cancer among type 2 diabetes patients with comorbid incident cancer. For this work, they categorized 223,530 diabetic patients, newly diagnosed with primary cancer during 2009-2011 in Korea, into five study cohorts in accordance with treatment modalities during the follow-up until the end of 2016: no-antidiabetic drugs (no-AD), metformin, DPP-4 inhibitors, metformin+DPP-4 inhibitors, and insulin treatment. Outcomes suggest no association of DPP-4 inhibitor therapy with a significant risk of cancer metastasis relative to no-AD therapy, which was irrespective of patient age and sex, except after thyroid cancer. However, a decrease in metastatic risk was evident with metformin treatment among type 2 diabetes patients with preexisting cancer.