Bamdad S, et al. - Whether serum levels of zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se) are associated with advanced keratoconus (KCN) was investigated in a total of 50 patients with advanced KCN and 50 control subjects. According to findings, patients with advanced KCN vs healthy controls exhibited lower serum levels of Zn, Cu, and Se. This was suggestive of the possible role of antioxidants in the etiopathogenesis of KCN. This further suggested supplementation therapy, rather than keratoplasty techniques, to be used as early treatment of this progressive degenerative disease. The two groups did not exhibit statistically significant differences in serum levels of Ca, Mg, and Fe.