Imai H, Saijo K, Komine K, et al. - In patients with any type of cancer, researchers ascertained if antibiotics for treatment or prevention of infection increases treatment effectiveness of gemcitabine (GEM)-containing regimens. For this investigation, retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with cancer histopathologically and treated with GEM-containing regimens (n = 169). Study participants were assigned into two groups: antibiotics-untreated group (patients treated with GEM-containing regimens but without antibiotics) and antibiotics-treated group (patients treated with GEM-containing regimens plus antibiotics). Data reported that the response rates of the antibiotics-untreated and antibiotics-treated groups with GEM-containing regimens were 15.1% and 27.6%, respectively. It was noted that the median progression-free survival times of the antibiotics-untreated and antibiotics-treated groups were 2.5 and 4.9 months, respectively, and the median overall survival times were 7.53 months and 13.83 months, respectively. Findings suggested that adding antibiotics increases the therapy effectiveness of GEM-containing regimens, and in patients with advanced cancer, it may be a potential therapeutic choice to enhance GEM-containing regimens therapy efficiencies.