Akhtari M, et al. - Herein researchers investigated the mRNA expression of A₁, A_2A, A_2B, and A₃ adenosine receptors, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39), and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) in the monocyte-derived macrophages from ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients vs healthy controls. They also explored the relationship between analyzed gene expression and the clinical manifestations of the patients. They observed that altered expression level of the adenosine-relying system would be involved in AS macrophage dysfunction and inflammation. Moreover, its correlation with functional status was also noted in AS patients.