Krittayaphong R, Winijkul A, Kunjara-Na-Ayudhya R, et al. - Given a link between guideline adherent oral anticoagulant (OAC) management and improved outcomes in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, but existing limited data from Asia, researchers used a large nationwide multicenter cohort comprising patients suffering from nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in Thailand, to determine outcomes in those who received guideline compliant management vs those who were OAC undertreated or overtreated. They used the COOL-AF Registry (Cohort of Antithrombotic Use and Optimal INR Level in Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation in Thailand). This analysis involved a sum of 3,327 patients (mean age was 67.4 years) with follow-up data. Findings revealed that improved clinical outcomes were achieved by adhering to OAC management guidelines in this patient population from Asia. An increased risk of adverse outcomes was observed in relation to undertreatment or overtreatment vs guideline-adherent management.