Mansukhani SA, Chen JJ, Fairbanks AM, et al. - In this retrospective, population-based cohort, experts aspired to explore whether there is an increased incidence rate of post-cataract surgery (pcs) anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) compared with spontaneous AION (sAION). Patients diagnosed with AION during their residency in Olmsted County, Minnesota from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2016. Patients with cataract surgery preceding AION were involved in the pcsAION cohort defined in two ways: AION within two months and AION within one year of cataract surgery. Using Poisson regression models, the incidence rates of pcsAION and sAION were compared. One hundred two residents [median age was 65 years (range, 40-90 years), 44 (43.1%) were female] developed AION during the study period. AION incidence is increased in the first year following cataract surgery, but not in the early (ie, 2 months) postoperative period.