A pioneering study into myeloma, a rare cancer, could lead to GPs using simple blood tests to improve early diagnosis.

The study investigated the best combination of blood tests that could be used to diagnose myeloma in GP practices.

The research was a collaboration between the University of Oxford, the University of Exeter, and Chiddenbrook Surgery, Crediton, funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and is published in the British Journal of General Practice.

Researchers investigated how useful a number of different measures were for indicating the presence of the disease, and suggested what combinations of these tests were sufficient to rule out the disease, and to diagnose it, saving the patient from the worry of specialist referral.

Blood tests of 2,703 cases taken up to 5 years prior to diagnosis were analyzed and compared with those of 12,157 patients without the cancer, matching cases with control patients of similar age amongst other relevant parameters.

They demonstrated that a simple combination of two blood parameters could be enough to diagnose patients. Such blood tests are routinely conducted in GP surgeries.

Constantinos Koshiaris, lead author of the study, from Oxford University, said: “The combination of levels of hemoglobin, the oxygen carrier in the blood, and one of two inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate or plasma viscosity) are a sufficient test to rule out myeloma. If abnormalities are detected in this test, it should lead to urgent urine protein tests, which can help speed up diagnosis.”

Each year approximately 5,700 people are diagnosed with myeloma in the UK alone. It can lead to symptoms, such as bone pain, fatigue, and kidney failure. It has the longest diagnosis process of all common cancers, and a large number of patients are diagnosed after emergency care, over a third of which having had at least three primary care consultations.

Professor Willie Hamilton, of the University of Exeter Medical School, is principal investigator on the study. He said “Ordinarily a GP will see a patient with myeloma every 5 years—and early diagnosis matters. More timely treatment could significantly improve survival rates for this disease. We report a simple way a GP can check patients' presenting symptoms, such as back, rib, and chest pain, or recurrent chest infections, and determine whether they have myeloma or not.”

The authors also suggest the possibility of integrating a system in the electronic health record to alert clinicians to relevant symptoms or changes in blood parameters related to myeloma.