Many women nearing midlife suffer some form of pelvic pain like period pain or pain with sex; however, pregnancy and childbirth appears to offer some protection, latest findings from the University of Otago's Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study reveal.

Half of the 429 women, aged 38 at the time of participating in the survey, reported having some form of pelvic pain in the previous 12 months, lead author of the study, postdoctoral fellow Dr. Antoinette Righarts says.

"The findings confirm a high prevalence of pelvic pain in women and, in particular, period pain was still very common among 38 year olds at 46%," Dr. Righarts explains.

Senior author and clinical lead on the study, Professor Wayne Gillett, says the researchers were not able to identify any long-term negative consequences (following pregnancy and childbirth) from pelvic pain, and especially period pain.

The study findings provide reassurance to women who have had, or are considering having children, Professor Gillett says.

The researchers found that a diagnosis of endometriosis (a condition where the layer of tissue that normally covers the inside of the uterus grows on the outside) was associated with pain with periods (dysmenorrhea) and pain with sex, but was not associated with the pain that young women can get when they have their first period (primary dysmenorrhea).

Furthermore, primary dysmenorrhea did not adversely affect a woman's subsequent fertility, Professor Gillett says.

"Current clinical practices for young women with dysmenorrhea are to encourage an early diagnosis of endometriosis; however, it seems there is no evidence that this is beneficial."

Dr. Righarts says the research is significant because as the study was carried out as a part of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study—a longitudinal study following the lives of 1,037 babies born between April 1, 1972 and March 31, 1973 at Queen Mary Maternity Hospital in Dunedin—it is relatively free from the selection and participating biases that can affect health surveys.

This is because women did not participate in the study because they had a particular interest in pelvic pain; the study of sexual and reproductive health was just one of many areas investigated as part of the wider Dunedin Study.

Dr. Righarts says the study confirms that pelvic pain is common; however, it is a complex condition that requires further study in order to elucidate the causes.

This research was published today in the BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The study was funded by the Health Research Council of New Zealand.